Nevertheless, in order to system the crystal is rather Superior manufacturing methods are demanded. For the reason that dawn of the crystal, focusing on this obstacle, we are now the one company on this planet that can be processed In this particular crystal.
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We summarized The existing growth standing of your significant-ability DUV laser equally with the wavelength of FHG on the one-μm laser and at 193 nm. The modern enhancement of the good-point out/fiber laser, in addition to the nonlinear optical crystals, prompts don't just the common electricity but also the beam high-quality (coherence) from the DUV lasers to an unparalleled stage.
The normal electricity of the NIR laser even now has the possible being enhanced to tens of watts such as 70 W [26] In case the double-go configuration might be utilized to the Yb:YAG SCF amplifier phase. Consequently, if the conversion efficiency of 31% from NIR to DUV could be even now preserved at this higher electricity condition, the common output ability from the DUV laser at 258 nm could possibly be more than 20 W, which would be considered a impressive ability amount for the DUV laser and result in the unanticipated DUV laser machining final results. Additionally, for prime-electrical power DUV laser, the UV problems with the nonlinear crystal, such as the windows for CLBO crystal and the mirrors, is yet another critical parameter for long run and stable Procedure.
On the other hand, the beam quality of the higher electricity DUV laser would become worse resulting from much more critical thermal and nonlinear consequences. For this reason, the frequency conversion procedures should be very carefully meant to mitigate the aforementioned effects. Therefore, a large-electricity DUV laser with the FHG of one μm with a superb beam good quality may be received and may be valuable for acquiring the shorter wavelength DUV lasers for example 193 nm by SFG.
Both equally the 1040 nm and 1078 nm laser originate from just one dual-wavelength Yb-doped fiber laser. Each and every laser is amplified by phases of fiber amplifier and Yb-doped components amplifier, respectively.
On one other aspect, the power scaling of the NIR laser is yet another component to enhance the normal electricity from the 193-nm DUV laser. Due to the deficiency of the higher-ability amplification Resolution of the NIR laser (one example is at 1553 nm), nonlinear frequency processes for instance optical parameter oscillation (OPO) might be placed on build a wavelength converter by shifting the wavelength from 1 μm to the specified wavelength as well as obtaining relative better power [21]. Just lately, a diamond Raman laser confirmed its means in reaching a substantial electric power and a higher conversion efficiency on the 1st Stokes with the one-μm laser [22,23], which means the chance to generally be used during the 193-nm DUV laser technology thanks to its superior Raman get and huge frequency shift.
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The heart beat length of the second Stokes mild was shortened to five ns as revealed in Determine 7a, an individual-shot photo with the oscilloscope, that's a standard phenomenon in Raman laser [forty four] whilst the heartbeat period from the pump laser was ten ns.
What's more, combining the sound-condition laser with other nonlinear process for instance stimulated Raman scattering, NIR lasers might be attained at new wavelengths with superior energy and substantial beam quality, which was tested through the proof-of-theory experiment. This Raman laser scheme provides a fresh route to the large-electricity DUV laser, In particular within the wavelength of 193 nm.
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The conversion efficiency from elementary NIR to DUV is from 5% to 36% based on the reported ends in Table 1. Increasing the conversion effectiveness will lessen the burden on the look and set up of the fundamental laser amplifier and also the electric electric power consumption. A superb beam quality of the fundamental laser may even lead on the increasing of the conversion efficiency and also the suitable ability depth of the NIR and green laser within the SHG and FHG method, respectively. The very best more info conversion efficiencies from NIR to eco-friendly and eco-friendly to DUV laser by use of CLBO crystal are 70% and about fifty%, respectively [twelve], which corresponds on the conversion effectiveness of 35% from fundamental to DUV.
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